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Footnotes
* Environement Canada (2014) et l’Office of the Auditor General of Canada (2012) prédisent que le Canada ratera ses cibles d’émissions de GES de 122 millions de tonnes.
Environnement Canada (2014) et le Bureau du vérificateur général du Canada (2012) prédisent que le Canada ratera ses cibles d’émissions de GES par 122 millions de tonnes.
** Multiple independent expert review panels (Environment Canada 2010, Royal Society of Canada 2010, Dillion et al. 2011, RAMP 2011) have found that the largest monitoring program, the Regional Aquatic Monitoring Program, was unable to definitively assess oil sands industrial impacts due to poor scientific design and lack of data (Kirk et al. 2014).
Un panel d’experts indépendants (Environment Canada 2010, Royal Society of Canada 2010, Dillion et al. 2011, RAMP 2011) a mis en évidence l’incapacité du plus important programme de surveillance, le Regional Aquatic Monitoring Program, à évaluer les impacts industriels des sables bitumineux en raison d’un manque d’expertise scientifique et de données (Kirk et al. 2014).
*** For example, in 2012 the Canadian government finalized the Lower Athabasca Regional Plan, which recommended that 22% of the region be set aside for conservation. At current rates of forest disturbance, the 22% threshold will be crossed within the next 2-7 years, and 100% of the region would be disturbed by 2028 (Government of Alberta 2012, Komers and Stanojevic 2013).
Par exemple, en 2012, le gouvernement canadien a finalisé le Lower Athabasca Regional Plan qui recommande la préservation de 22 % du territoire de la région. Au rythme actuel de déforestation, ce seuil sera éclipsé d’ici 2 à 7 ans et 100 % de la région aura été perturbée d’ici 2028 (Government of Alberta 2012, Komers and Stanojevic 2013).
**** Land use and regulatory decisions are considered lease-by-lease with no single agency responsible for oversight, accounting of cumulative impacts, or information flow. For example, decisions regarding mineral rights are made by Alberta Energy, those for timber by Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, while Alberta Environment decides on water and air impacts, and the National Energy Board decides on pipeline and rail transport of oil sands products (Johnson and Miyanishi 2008).
Les décisions réglementaires et liées à l’utilisation des terres sont présentement prises à la pièce, sans agence centrale responsable de la supervision, du recensement des impacts et de la cueillette d’information. Par exemple, les décisions concernant les droits miniers sont prises par l’Alberta Energy, celles concernant les forêts par l’Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, alors que l’Alberta Environment prend les décisions en matière de qualité de l’eau et de l’air, et que l’Office National de l’Énergie décide en matière d’oléoduc et du transport ferroviaire des produits des sables bitumineux (Johnson and Miyanishi 2008).